Parameters of microstrip patch antenna

The microstrip patch is there at the upper surface of the upper dielectric substrate and the feed line is there between two substrates.

It provides highest bandwidth and avoids spu- rious radiation. The proximity coupled feed is as shown in Figure 6. Different shapes of the microstrip patch gives us the different output parameters.

So, to get the better and efficient one, the shape and dimensions of the microstrip patch must be defined properly.

Here are the basic shapes of the patch shown in Fig- ure 7. This antenna has resonated at 3. The bandwidth of the antenna is Return loss of the antenna is This antenna can be used in wireless applications. Khushboo Naruka et. In this antenna, FR4 is used as a dielectric substrate material and copper as a patch material. The antenna resonates at 4. The coaxial probe feed is used to feed the antenna. It is as shown below in the Figure 9. Raju Verma et. It is as shown below in Figure 8.

Srivastava et. It is as shown below in Figure In this design, they have used Glass Epoxy as substrate material and copper as a patch material. The antenna resonates at 1. The bandwidth of it is Shobhit K. Patel et. It is as shown in Figure In this design, they have used FR4 epoxy as substrate material and copper as patch material. It is used as medical, bluetooth and ISM band applications. Alak Majumder has designed H shaped microstrip patch antenna for bluetooth applications [11].

In this design, FR4 substrate material is used and copper is used as patch materi- al. The antenna resonates at 2. The gain of it is 8. The VSWR of it is 1. The design is as shown below in Figure So, here is all about the different shapes of the patch for different applications.

A survey on microstrip patch antenna parameters, feeding techniques are presented in this paper. The different feeding techniques have different factors based on the applications. There are such parameters like gain, VSWR, bandwidth and return loss which shows the output characteristics of the an- tenna. The recent developments in MSTPA is discussed, the influence of shape and dimensions of the patch, substrate also matters to get the proper output parameters.

ISSN — Soh, M. Rahim, A. Asrokin and M. DOI: Basic Structure of Microstrip Patch Antenna Due to the fringing effects, the patch of the microstrip antenna looks greater than its physical dimensions as shown in Fig.

Figure 2. Physical and effective lengths of Rectangular Microstrip patch Antenna The length and width of the patch determines the characteristics of the antenna. The dimensions of a microstrip patch antenna depend on the resonant frequency and value of the dielectric constant.

The micro strip patch structures are relatively easy to manufacture and have turned micro strip analysis into an extensive research problem.

Research on micro strip antenna in the 21st century aimed at size reduction, increasing gain, wide bandwidth, multiple functionality and system-level integration. With the wide spread proliferation of wireless communication technology in recent years, the demand for compact, low profile and broadband antennas has increased significantly.

To meet the requirement, the micro strip patch antenna have been proposed because of its low profile, light weight and low cost. Common micro strip antenna shapes are square, rectangular, circular and elliptical, but any continuous shape is possible.

There are several techniques available to feed or transmit Electromagnetic energy to a micro strip patch antenna. The feeding techniques used in the micro strip antenna are divided into two important classes as given below:- Contacting Feed: - In this method, the patch is directly fed with RF power using the contacting element such as micro strip line or coaxial line.

Non-Contacting Feed: - In this method, the patch is not directly fed with the RF power but instead power is transferred to the path from the feed line through electromagnetic coupling. The most commonly used non- contacting feed methods are Aperture Coupled feed and Proximity Coupled Feed. The role of feeding is very important in case of efficient Operation of antenna to improve the antenna input Impedance matching.

Microstrip Line Feed 2. Inset Feed 3. Co-axial Feed 4. Aperture Coupled Feed 5. Proximity Coupled Feed A. Microstrip line Feed:- In this type of feed technique, a conducting strip is connected directly to the edge of the Microstrip patch.

The conducting strip is smaller in width as compared to the patch and this kind of feed arrangement has the advantage that the feed can be etched on the same substrate to provide a planar structure.

Inset Feed In is a type of microstrip line feeding technique, in which the width of conducting strip is small as compared to the patch and has the advantage that the feed can provide a planar structure. This can be achieved by properly adjusting the inset cut position and dimensions.

Co-axial Feed technique The coaxial probe feeding is a very common technique used for feeding Micro strip patch antennas. The inner Conductor of the coaxial cable extends through the dielectric and is soldered to the radiating metal patch, while the outer conductor is connected to the ground plane.

The advantage of this feeding scheme is that the feed can be placed at any desired location on the patch in order to match cable impedance with the antenna input impedance. Aperture coupled Feed In this type of feed technique, the radiating patch and the microstrip feed line are separated by the ground plane.

Coupling between the patch and the feed line is made through a slot or an aperture in the ground plane. Proximity coupled Feed This type of feed technique is also called as the electromagnetic coupling scheme. Two dielectric substrates are used such that the feed line is between the two substrates and the radiating patch is on top of the upper substrate.

The main advantage of this feed technique is that it eliminates spurious feed radiation and provides very high bandwidth as high as 13 , due to overall increase in the thickness of the microstrip patch antenna. On Substitution, the width W of the antenna was calculated as Table 1: Antenna Specifications Sl.

Accordingly, feed point was varied within the radiating patch and four cases are discussed for better axial ratio bandwidth and minimum return loss coefficient. Co-axial Probe Technique is employed for feeding RF power to the antenna. Co- axial feed can be placed at any desired location in order to match with its input impedance. This feed method is easy to fabricate and has low spurious radiation. A rectangular Patch of length 'L' and Width 'W' is designed.

The Probe is in direct contact with the antenna and it is located at the point of minimum return loss. Figure 3. In the Initial run, the simulation results for the antenna Parameters do not match well with the antenna parameters of the design Specifications. Therefore, the antenna model is improved by changing any one of the antenna model parameters, the patch dimensions or ground dimensions or the feed location and the resulting model is simulated and obtained results are compared again with the antenna parameters required.

The final microstrip patch antenna model dimensions and feed location, obtained using the technique of iteratively improving antenna model, is given in the Table S11 Vs Frequency Figure 5. Total Field Gain Vs Frequency The following table contains the final Antenna design parameters obtained from simulated results. Table 2: Final Antenna Parameters Sl. The dimensions of the designed Microstrip Patch Antenna are given in the Table- 1. The Microstrip Patch Antenna dimensions obtained from the simulation used to fabricate the antenna.

The antenna is fabricated using Etching Technique as per standard fabrication procedures adopted for the fabrication of Microstrip patch antennas.